An overview to Software Architecture in Intrusion Detection System

Today by growing network systems, security is a key feature of each network infrastructure. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provide defense model for all security threats which are harmful to any network. The IDS could detect and block attack-related network traffic. The network control is a complex model. Implementation of an IDS could make delay in the network. Several software-based network intrusion detection systems are developed. However, the model has a problem with high speed traffic. This paper reviews of many type of software architecture in intrusion detection systems and describes the design and implementation of a high-performance network intrusion detection system that combines the use of software-based network intrusion detection sensors and a network processor board. The network processor which is a hardware-based model could acts as a customized load balancing splitter. This model cooperates with a set of modified content-based network intrusion detection sensors rather than IDS in processing network traffic and controls the high-speed.Comment: 8 Pages, International Journal of Soft Computing and Software Engineering [JSCSE]. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1101.0241 by other author

A New Method for Knowledge Representation in Expert System's (XMLKR)

Knowledge representation it is an essential section of a Expert Systems, Because in this section we have a framework to establish an expert system then we can modeling and use by this to design an expert system. Many method it is exist for knowledge representation but each method have problems, in this paper we introduce a new method of object oriented by XML language as XMLKR to knowledge representation, and we want to discuss advantage and disadvantage of this method.Comment: IEEE Procceding 200

Inter and Intra Rater Reliability of the 10 Meter Walk Test in the Community Dweller Adults with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

How to Cite This Article: Bahrami F, Noorizadeh Dehkordi SH, Dadgoo M. Inter and Intra Rater Reliability of the 10 Meter Walk Test in the Community Dweller Adults with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Iran J Child Neurol.Winter 2017; 11(1): 57-64. AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigation the intra-rater and inter-raters reliability of the 10 meter walk test (10 MWT) in adults with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).Materials&MethodsThirty ambulatory adults with spastic CP in the summer of 2014 participated (19 men, 11 women; mean age 28 ± 7 yr, range 18- 46 yr). Individuals were non-randomly selected by convenient sampling from the Ra’ad Rehabilitation Goodwill Complex in Tehran, Iran. They had GMFCS levels below IV (I, II, and III). Retest interval for inter-raters study lasted a week. During the tests, participants walked with their maximum speed. Intra class correlation coefficients (ICC) estimated reliability.ResultsThe 10 MWT ICC for intra-rater was 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-0.99) for participants, and >0.89 in GMFCS subgroups (95% confidence interval (CI) lower bound>0.67). The 10 MWT inter-raters’ ICC was 0.998 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0/996-0/999), and >0.993 in GMFCS subgroups (95% confidence interval (CI) lower bound>0.977). Standard error of the measurement (SEM) values for both studies was small (0.02< SEM< 0.07).ConclusionExcellent intra-rater and inter-raters reliability of the 10 MWT in adults with CP, especially in the moderate motor impairments (GMFCS level III), indicates that this tool can be used in clinics to assess the results of interventions.References1. Bottos M, Feliciangeli A, Sciuto L, Gericke C, Vianello A. Functional status of adults with cerebral palsy and implications for treatment of children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43:516-28.2. Andersson C, Mattsson E. Adults with cerebral palsy: a survey describing problems, needs, and resources, with special emphasis on locomotion. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43:76-82.3. Murphy KP, Molnar GE, Lankasky K. Medical and Functional Status of Adults with Cerebral Palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995; 37:1075-84. 4. Rapp Jr CE, Torres MM. The adult with cerebral palsy. Arch Family Med 2000; 9:466.5. Peters DM, Fritz SL, Krotish DE. Assessing the reliability and validity of a shorter walk test compared with the 10-meter walk test for measurements of gait speed in healthy, older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2013; 36:24-30.6. Fritz S, Lusardi M. White paper:“walking speed: the sixth vital sign”. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2009; 32:2-5.7. Lord SE, McPherson K, McNaughton HK, Rochester L, Weatherall M. Community ambulation after stroke: how important and obtainable is it and what measures appear predictive? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85:234-9. 8. Maki BE. Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45:313-20. 9. Tyson S, Connell L. The psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of walking and mobility in neurological conditions: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil 2009; 23:1018-33.10. Bohannon RW. Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20—79 years: reference values and determinants. Age Ageing 1997; 26:15-9.11. Judith G, Claudia L, Hubertus VH. Test-retest reliability of gait parameters in children with neurological gait disorders. International Neurorehabilitation Symposium 2013, Science City, ETH Zurich.12. Watson MJ. Refining the ten-metre walking test for use with neurologically impaired people. Physiotherapy2002; 88:386-97. 13. van Loo MA, Moseley AM, Bosman JM, de Bie RA, Hassett L. Test-re-test reliability of walking speed, step length and step width measurement after traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. Brain Inj 2004 Oct; 18:1041-8.14. Steffen T, Seney M. Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism. Phys Ther 2008 Jun; 88:733-46.15. Pirpiris M, Wilkinson AJ, Rodda J, Nguyen TC, Baker RJ, Nattrass GR, et al. Walking speed in children and young adults with neuromuscular disease: comparison between two assessment methods. J Pediatr Orthop 2003 May-Jun; 23:302-7.16. Collen FM, Wade DT, Bradshaw CM. Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability. Int Disability Stud 1990 Jan-Mar; 12 :6-9.17. Bowden MG, Behrman AL. Step Activity Monitor: accuracy and test-retest reliability in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 2007; 44:355-62.18. Scivoletto G, Tamburella F, Laurenza L, Foti C, Ditunno J, molinari M. Validity and Reliability of the 10-m walk test and the 6 min walk test in spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord 49:736-40.19. Thompson P, Beath T, Bell J, Jacobson G, Phair T, Salbach NM, et al. Test-retest reliability of the 10 meter fast walk test and 6 minute walk test in ambulatory school aged children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008;50:370-6. 20. Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997; 39:214-23. 21. Graham JE, Ostir GV, Fisher SR, Ottenbacher KJ. Assessing walking speed in clinical research: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract 2008; 14:552-62.22. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice, FA Davis; 2015 Mar 18. 23. Stratford PW.Getting more from the literature: estimating the standard error of measurement from reliability studies. Physiother Can 2004; 56: 27-30. 24. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistic and random error in repeated measurements of temporal and distance parameters of gait after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78: 725-29.25. Wolf S, Catlin P, Gage K, Gurucharri K, et al. Establishing the reliability and validity of measurements of walking time using the Emory Functional Ambulation Profile. Phys ther 1999; 79:1122-33

The efficacy of treadmill training on walking and quality of life of adults with spastic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial

AbstractObjectives:We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treadmill training on walkings peed and endurance and quality of life in ambulatory adults with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) versus traditional physiotherapy.Material & Methods, Participants (17 men, 13 women; mean (SD) age 25y, 9m (7y, 10m) range 18y- 45y) with GMFCS levels I, II, and III, from the Ra’ad Rehabilitation Goodwill Complex, randomly allocated to the experimental and the control groups. The trainings (treadmill for experimental group and conventional physiotherapy for control group) conducted two times a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Main outcome measures were the 10 meter walk test for the gait speed, the 6 minute walk test for the gait endurance and the WHOQOL- Brief questionnaire for the quality of life. Assessments had done at the baseline, ninth and 16th session (three times) during the treatment.Results: Although the experimental group showed a significant improve in the gait speed [1.08(0.47)m/s to 1.22(0.50)m/s](P=0.004) and in the gait endurance [291.13(160.28)m to 342.63(174.62)]( P=0/002), but between groups changes of the outcome measures of walking and quality of life were not significant.Conclusions: Treadmill training without body weight support would be no more effective than traditional physiotherapy to improve gait speed and endurance and quality of life in adults with spastic cerebral palsy. There is a hope to improve walking performance and function in adults with cerebral palsy.

Pattern mining analysis of pulmonary TB cases in Hamadan province: Using space-time cube

Background and aims: One of the most common approach to understanding spatial and temporal trends of event data is to break it up into a series of time snapshots. Therefore space-time cube method applied in order to portray the likely trend in occurrence of the pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases. Methods: In this study, information of all patients with pulmonary TB recorded in surveillance system of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from 2005 to 2013 years were studied. After geocoding the residence location address of pulmonary TB cases and converted to point layer, the space-time cube was used to detect likely trends in occurrence of tuberculosis. Then, based on the space-time cube results the Emerging Hot Spot Analysis was run to clustering hot and cold spots. Results: There was significant increasing trend in occurrence of pulmonary TB cases. The statistic trend was 2.1871 and P-value was 0.0287, as well as 36 hot spots locations was detected that have been form approximately in central areas of province. Conclusion: Significantly increasing trend in occurrence of TB cases and existence of hot spot, especially intensifying hot spots in central areas of province can represent pay more attention to this disease in mentioned areas in order to detect the change in epidemiological face and to implement suitable prevention programs

In vitro antifungal activity of plant extracts on Saprolegnia parasitica from cutaneous lesions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs

Saprolegnia parasitica Coker is the main agent of saprolegniosis, one of the most important causes of economic losses in the rainbow trout farming industry in Iran. In this work, seven essential oils (2 species) and ethanol extracts (5 species) were tested against a strain of S. parasitica from cutaneous lesions of Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs, using a continuously agitated broth technique that allows both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC > 50 %) and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC> 99.9 %) to be evaluated. The essential oils of Thymus daenensis and Thymus khuzestanicum (MIC > 50 % = 0.63 µl ml-1 and MLC> 99.9 % = 22 µl ml-1) and ethanol extracts of Tanacetum parthenium and Mentha longifolia (MIC > 50 % = 31.25 and 62.5 µg ml-1 and MLC> 99.9 % = 600 and 550 µg ml-1, respectively) showed higher inhibition against S. parasitica than the other extracts. In general, our study suggests that natural products derived from some medicinal plants have the potential to be used as health rainbow trout eggs